Failed x402 paid calls were refunded within seconds in a measured sample of 105
A pay-per-call service on the x402 protocol logged 276 paid calls, of which 105 failed to deliver a result. Each of the 105 failures was matched to a refund row in the ledger, with a median time-to-refund of zero seconds. Ten refunds came hours or days late, all dated before a rule requiring immediate refunds was introduced on 2026-09-29. The refunds are recorded as broadcast transactions rather than confirmed on-chain, and the matching between deliveries and payments is a heuristic that could miss some failures.
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