Ethereum sandwich attacks can now be proven on-chain using Creditcoin's index41

Ethereum transaction receipts record block number, gas used, and logs, but do not store a transaction's position within a block, making it impossible to cryptographically prove the order transactions executed. This gap allows sandwich attacks — where a searcher places trades around a victim's swap — to be observable yet legally unprovable on-chain. A new smart contract called index41, deployed on Creditcoin, addresses this by leveraging Creditcoin's Attestcoin Protocol to verify Ethereum transaction inclusion via Merkle proofs and derive transaction order from proof geometry. By reading the left-or-right child flags at each step of a Merkle authentication path, the contract reconstructs a transaction's index within the block without that index ever being explicitly stored. When a sandwich is proven, index41 can compensate the victim from a bond, turning an observable but unverifiable event into an enforceable on-chain claim.