Errores comunes de seguridad en APIs REST en producción y cómo corregirlos

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Una API REST mal configurada en producción puede servir de entrada a atacantes y generar comportamientos inesperados para sus consumidores. Los fallos más frecuentes suelen ser errores en el manejo de excepciones y de respuestas, más que vulnerabilidades complejas. Devolver trazas de stack o mensajes internos revela la arquitectura del sistema y facilita ataques dirigidos, por lo que los mensajes de error deberían ser genéricos. Se recomienda adoptar el formato Problem Details (RFC 7807, actualizado por el RFC 9457) y limitar la depuración a entornos controlados. Asimismo, el uso incorrecto de los códigos de estado HTTP confunde a los clientes y puede favorecer ataques de denegación de servicio.

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