DHCP Explained: How Any Device Gets an IP Address in Four Steps

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DHCP is the protocol that automatically assigns an IP address to a device that has just booted with no network configuration. The process follows a four-message sequence known as DORA: Discover, Offer, Request, and Acknowledge, exchanged between the client and a DHCP server. Because the client has no IP yet, it uses broadcast messaging to reach a server it cannot directly address. Beyond the IP address itself, DHCP also delivers additional network settings such as the default router, DNS server addresses, and a lease duration indicating how long the address is valid. The Protocol Lab series provides a hands-on containerlab environment where learners can observe and capture the full DORA exchange in practice.

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