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Developer Builds a 32-bit x86 Operating System Kernel and Shell from Scratch

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A software engineer built Rohnux, a lightweight 32-bit x86 operating system written entirely in C and Assembly, to understand what happens when a computer boots. The project explains that x86 hardware starts in 16-bit Real Mode, so the kernel must switch to 32-bit Protected Mode to access linear memory. Rohnux uses the Multiboot Specification so that standard bootloaders like GRUB can load it, and its entry point is written in assembly to set up the stack before C code runs. The kernel includes an interactive shell with an in-memory file system, and the build pipeline produces a bootable ISO tested in QEMU. Planned next steps include an Interrupt Descriptor Table, memory management, and an ATA disk driver for persistent storage.

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