Deploying a Solana Program to Mainnet: Key Risks and Responsibilities

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Moving a Solana program from devnet to mainnet is a significant shift that goes beyond running a few commands. On mainnet, deployment costs real SOL, the program is immediately accessible to any user or bad actor, and any mistakes are permanently recorded on a public ledger. A critical decision developers must make before launch is whether to retain or revoke the program's upgrade authority, which controls the ability to push future updates. Keeping upgrade authority allows bug fixes but requires users to trust the developer will not push malicious changes, while revoking it makes the program immutable and maximally trustworthy but eliminates any ability to patch vulnerabilities. Most teams treat this as a nuanced, staged decision rather than a simple binary choice made at launch.

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