Database Migrations: How to Manage Schema Changes Like Code
Database migrations are version-controlled, ordered scripts that evolve a database schema in a traceable, repeatable way, replacing risky manual SQL changes. Tools like EF Core, Flyway, Liquibase, and DbUp track which migrations have run, in what order, and across which environments. Without migrations, teams face environment drift, no audit trail, and no peer-review process for potentially disruptive schema changes. Treating migrations like application code — committed to Git and reviewed via pull requests — ensures dev, staging, and production databases remain consistent. The approach also supports zero-downtime deployments, safe rollback strategies, and seamless integration into CI/CD pipelines.
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