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Data Modelling in Power BI: Star Schema, Relationships and Why They Matter

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Data modelling is the process of structuring and defining relationships between data tables to enable accurate and efficient analysis, particularly in tools like Power BI. A poorly designed model can slow down reports and introduce calculation errors, while a well-built one can cut report refresh times from minutes to seconds. Two common approaches are the flat single-table model, which is simple but becomes unwieldy at scale, and the star schema, which organises data into a central fact table linked to surrounding dimension tables. The star schema is widely preferred for its performance benefits, DAX-friendly structure, and scalability, though it requires careful planning around keys, cardinality, and filter direction. Understanding these fundamentals helps analysts build maintainable, accurate, and high-performing data models.

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