Computer-assisted proof of Four Color Theorem marked historic shift in mathematics

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In 1976, mathematicians Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken, with assistance from John Koch, established a proof of the Four Color Theorem. The theorem states that any map can be colored using only four colors so that no adjacent regions share the same color. Their proof was groundbreaking because it relied heavily on computer verification to check thousands of individual cases. This event is considered a major milestone, as it was the first time a computer was essential in solving a significant mathematical conjecture, changing perceptions of proof in mathematics.

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