ClickHouse Tiered Storage Cuts S3 Costs 71% While Keeping Query Speed Intact
Engineers running ClickHouse on AWS EC2 face steep storage bills, with 3 TB on gp3 EBS costing roughly $245 per month compared to about $67 on S3 at $0.023 per GB-month. ClickHouse's MergeTree engine stores data in immutable parts that can each reside on different storage backends, making native tiering possible without any application-level changes. A tiered storage policy keeps recent data on fast local EBS while automatically migrating older parts to S3 after a configurable period, such as 12 months, using TTL rules. A secondary trigger called move_factor pushes the oldest parts to S3 once local disk usage crosses roughly 80%, preventing hot storage from filling up. Crucially, existing SQL queries, drivers, and dashboards require no modification, as ClickHouse handles part location transparently at the storage layer.
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