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Dutch researchers convert office urine into electricity, fertilizer and hydrogen

Scientists in the Netherlands have developed a system that transforms human urine collected from office urinals into usable energy and nutrients. The setup uses bacteria to break down organic matter in urine, with electrons transferred to electrodes to generate electric current. The process also extracts phosphate and ammonia, which can serve as fertilizer inputs. Separately collected urine acts as an effective feedstock for these bio-electrochemical treatment systems. Researchers say the technology demonstrates urine's potential as a source of hydrogen gas and agricultural nutrients.