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actions/cache and buildx cache serve different purposes: file restoration versus layer reuse

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The article explains that actions/cache and buildx cache backends are fundamentally different systems rather than interchangeable options. actions/cache archives chosen directories under a user-defined key and restores them, while buildx stores BuildKit layer blobs and skips Dockerfile instructions by hash. Benchmarks on a Latchkey runner with a 414-package Node project showed an 85 MB node_modules tree restoring in 0.374 seconds, and an image rebuild dropping from 11.9 to 9.4 seconds. The author notes the two measurements use separate controls and cannot be summed. The systems differ in what they store, how they are keyed, and what they can bypass, with actions/cache unaware of Docker and buildx limited to Docker builds.

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