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A single echo line silently swallowed all exit codes for 28 hours

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A developer running an automated Claude Code environment discovered that a faulty shell script line had been masking real exit codes for over 28 hours, making all logs falsely report success. The bug stemmed from a logging line where a command substitution inside an echo statement overwrote the $? variable before it could capture the actual exit code of the preceding process. As a result, failed jobs consistently appeared as exit 0 across 171 launchd jobs and multiple Claude Code sessions, rendering all hook-based guardrails ineffective. The incident highlights three common patterns — shell scripts, JS wrappers using child_process.exec(), and unguarded pipelines — that can silently swallow non-zero exit codes. The developer notes that such silent failures are especially dangerous in automated environments because past logs can no longer be trusted as evidence of genuine success.

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