A Pythonic Guide to Functions

You’ve seen def a hundred times. You know how to write a function, call it, and return a value. But do you know what really happens when Python executes a function definition? Do you know why args and kwargs exist, or how a function can remember the environment where it was created? In Python, functions are more than just reusable blocks of code — they’re objects with attributes, they can be nested, passed as arguments, and wrapped by decorators.